| Parkinson disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease. Parkinson disease typically develops between the ages of 55 and 65 years and occurs in 1%–2% of people over the age of 60 years, rising to 3.5% at age 85–89 years. About 0.3% of the general population is affected, and the prevalence is higher among men than women, with a ratio of 1.5 to 1.0. Parkinson disease may be more common among white people than those of Asian or African descent; however, the data are conflicting. In 2011, the estimated number of people living with Parkinson disease in Canada had reached 85 200. By 2031, the projected number of people with this disease will double. Management remains complicated over the course of the disease and should be individualized based on the patient’s quality of life at each stage of disease. This review presents current treatment strategies and recommendations in managing motor and non-motor symptoms in the various stages of Parkinson disease. However, a few may eventually be diagnosed with Parkinson disease, based on clinical progression, imaging and genetic evidence and a positive response to levodopa. The exact cause of Parkinson disease is unknown, but it is assumed to be the result of a combination of environmental influences superimposed on genetic predisposition or susceptibility. There is increasing evidence that the genetic and environmental insults leading to Parkinson disease commonly lead to abnormal forms of a normal protein, α-synuclein, which seems to contribute to cell death. Dopaminergic medications are the mainstay of symptomatic therapy for motor symptoms in Parkinson disease. Discovered in the 1960s, levodopa was the first symptomatic treatment for Parkinson disease, followed by the availability of dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Until recently, the decision regarding which Parkinson’s treatment is initiated. It is nothing but the Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has been used extensively to ablate brain tissue in movement disorders, such as essential tremor. The Parkinson’s treatment is done under Magnetic Resonance Imaging guidance which provides real-time imaging and temperature monitoring. Royal Care Super Speciality Hospital is the only Neuro-Care center in all of India, facilitated with expertise and technology that provides an MRgFUS (Magnetic Resonance guided Focused Ultrasound) therapy to Essential Tremors and Parkinson’s patients with tremors. |
